Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp, face, and upper chest. While often mistaken for simple dandruff or dry skin, SD involves a more complex interplay of microbiological, physiological, and environmental factors. In this article, we explore the pathophysiology, clinical features, and skin science behind SD—and how targeted cosmetic strategies can support healthy skin balance.
What Is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Seborrheic dermatitis is characterised by redness, scaling, and flaking of the skin, often accompanied by mild itch or discomfort. It is most prevalent in three life stages: infancy (cradle cap), adulthood (typically between 30–60 years), and in older individuals with neurological or immunocompromised conditions.
The condition tends to flare in oily areas including the scalp, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, and ears. It can worsen in cold weather, with stress, hormonal changes, or exposure to irritating skincare products.
Suggested Figure 1: Seborrheic Dermatitis Across Life Stages
Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosis SD typically presents with
- Greasy, yellowish scales
- Mild to moderate erythema
- Flaky plaques that worsen with stress or season changes
- Commonly affected areas: scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, beard, ears, and upper chest
It is important to differentiate SD from other conditions such as:
- Atopic dermatitis (more common in dry skin areas)
- Psoriasis (thicker, well-demarcated plaques)
- Tinea infections (fungal but with annular patterns)
Dermatologist Tip: When flaking occurs in oily regions and improves with antifungal treatments, SD is likely the underlying cause.
Practical Skincare Tips for SD-Prone Skin
- Use mild, non-stripping cleansers with a pH of 4.5–5.5.
- Choose creams that contain antifungal and oil-balancing actives, such as piroctone olamine and saccharide isomerates.
- Avoid heavy occlusive moisturisers on oily areas.
- Maintain regular skincare even during remission to prevent flares
Dermatologist Tip: When flaking occurs in oily regions and improves with antifungal treatments, SD is likely the underlying cause.
Conclusion Seborrheic dermatitis is more than a cosmetic nuisance; it reflects a deeper imbalance in skin microbiota, oil production, and barrier function. Modern cosmetic science offers effective tools to help restore this balance. By incorporating antifungal agents, sebum regulators, and barrier-repairing actives, SD-prone skin can be managed effectively and comfortably over the long term.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for general skincare education only. Please consult a healthcare provider for personalised medical advice.